自從奧地利音樂學者克歇爾騎士(Ludwig Ritter von Köchel)在一八六二年發表花費十年編纂的《莫札特全作品編年主題目錄》(Chronologisch-thematisches Verzeichnis sämtlicher Tonwerke Wolfgang Amade Mozarts)後,「克歇爾目錄」(Köchel-Verzeichnis)從此成為莫札特作品最廣泛使用的編目方式,莫札特的作品也從此冠上「K. 」的作品編號。隨著新的研究成果出現,「克歇爾目錄」也不定期由後人推出修訂版本。二○二四年九月十九日,國際莫札特基金會(Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum)在薩爾茲堡公布第九版「克歇爾目錄」。這次一共新增九十五首作品,包括一首近期討論度很高的C大調小夜曲K. 648。
國際莫札特基金會在發表會上安排演出這首作品,DG也在二○二四年十月一口氣出版三個錄音版本:首先是四名音樂家在發表會前的錄音室錄音,接著是由九十七歲的布隆斯泰特(Herbert Blomstedt)在九月二十九日指揮萊比錫布商大廈管弦樂團錄製的弦樂團版。最後是由一組小提琴家年紀與當年作曲家相仿的少年演奏家版。全曲不到十四分鐘,從三重奏擴大到弦樂團的做法,與著名的《小夜曲》K.525(Eine kleine Nachtmusik)從五名演出者擴增到弦樂團很相像,所以研究人員給它取了《小小夜曲》(Ganz kleine Nachtmusik)的標題。
《小小夜曲》樂譜是德國十九世紀音樂學者貝克(Carl Ferdinand Becker)的收藏之一。這些從十六到十九世紀的珍貴樂譜和資料在一八五六年捐贈給德國萊比錫市立圖書館的音樂圖書館。從風格聽來,它絕對是莫札特少年時期的作品。遲遲未能收入目錄是因為它不是手稿,而是一七八○年的手抄分譜;署名方式也和後來莫札特的習慣不同。然而,加上變體中間名是一七六九年,也就是莫札特首度與父親前往義大利後才有的習慣,再加上樂曲的創作方式與莫札特早期的作品相符。經過多年的審慎研究,這部作品終於被判定是莫札特的作品。
一七八○年,莫札特只是薩爾茲堡親王主教科羅瑞多(Hieronymus von Colloredo)宮廷中一個小小的作曲家,誰會請人把他一首不起眼的年少作品抄成分譜?學者認為是比他年長五歲,小名「南妮兒」(Nannerl)的姐姐瑪麗亞‧安娜‧莫札特(Maria Anna Mozart)。在宗教命名日比生日更重要的時代,二十歲的莫札特在一七七六年寫下《嬉遊曲》給姐姐當成命名日賀禮。這會不會是莫札特更早時候送給姐姐的禮物?
In September 2024, the International Mozarteum Foundation unveiled the ninth edition of the Köchel Catalogue, the authoritative index of Mozart's works. This update includes 95 newly recognized pieces, among them a remarkable "Serenade in C Major", composed when Mozart was just 10 to 13 years old. Dubbed the "Ganz kleine Nachtmusik" ("A Very Little Night Music") for its resemblance to the iconic "Eine kleine Nachtmusik", this piece has sparked fresh interest in Mozart's early chamber music.
The manuscript, part of 19th-century scholar Carl Ferdinand Becker's collection, survived as an 18th-century copy, raising questions about its authenticity. After rigorous analysis of its style and historical context, experts confirmed it as Mozart's. Notably, its creation may be linked to his sister Maria Anna “Nannerl” Mozart, a gifted musician herself, who possibly commissioned or copied it as a keepsake.
Nannerl, often overshadowed by her brother, was a renowned keyboard player and a musical prodigy in her own right. A recent documentary, "Mozart's Sister", and an upcoming West End musical, "Mozart: Her Story", shed light on her life and contributions. While Wolfgang pursued international acclaim, Nannerl's talent was stifled by societal expectations, relegating her to teaching and domestic life. These stories aim to restore her legacy and highlight her influence on her brother's early works.
This rediscovery coincides with growing recognition of female composers in classical music. Figures like Clara Schumann, Fanny Mendelssohn, and Florence Price are gaining overdue appreciation. As historical research advances, neglected works like Nannerl's are finding their place, affirming art's enduring and universal value.
*This English version is a concise summary of the original Chinese article.*
MOZART Serenade in C major "Ganz kleine Nachtmusik", K. 648 Haruna Shinoyama (violin), Neža Klinar (violin), Philipp Comploi (cello), Florian Birsak (harpsichord) 17 September, 2024, Großer Saal der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum Salzburg
MOZART Serenade in C major "Ganz kleine Nachtmusik", K. 648 (Version for String Orchestra) Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, Herbert Blomstedt 29 September, 2024, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig
MOZART Serenade in C major "Ganz kleine Nachtmusik", K. 648 Leonhard Baumgartner (violin), Margarita Pochebut (violin), Svenja Dose (double bass), Oscar Jockel (harpsichord) 7 October 2024, Wiener Saal der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum, Salzburg
發表留言